现代大学英语3 Unit9 Globalization27s Dual Power

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1、Globalizations Dual PowerAbout the AuthorRobert J. Samuelson (born December 23, 1945) is a Newsweek（新闻周刊） contributing editor (特约编辑)and The Washington Post （华盛顿邮报） columnist（专栏作家）.An economics specialist, he is one of the most widely read journalists in the United State. His articles appear in the L

2、os Angeles Times （洛杉矶时报）（洛杉矶时报）, The Boston Globe （波士顿环球（波士顿环球报），报），and other influential newspapers.Globalizations Dual Power appeared in the International Herald Tribune(国际先锋论坛报国际先锋论坛报) in December,1999,on the threshold of the new millenium.Major customers of Foxconn include or have included:Acer

3、Inc. (Taiwan)A (United States)Apple Inc. (United States)BlackBerry Ltd. (Canada)Cisco (United States)Dell (United States)Google (United States)Microsoft (United States)Motorola Mobility (United States)Nokia (Finland)Sony (Japan)Toshiba (Japan)Major customers of Foxconn include or have included:Acer

4、Inc.(Taiwan)A(United States)Apple Inc.(United States)BlackBerry Ltd.(Canada)Cisco(United States)Dell(United States)Google(United States)Microsoft(United States)Motorola Mobility(United States)Nokia(Finland)Sony(Japan)Toshiba(Japan)FoxconnFoxconn has factories has factories ininJapanJapanMalaysiaMala

5、ysiaSouth KoreaSouth KoreaEuropeEuropeMexicoMexicoUnited StatesUnited States生产全球化Globalizationl Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects .But Economic Globalization is the core of Globalization.Economic G

6、lobalizationEconomic globalization is the increasing economic integration and interdependence of national, regional and local economies across the world through an intensification of cross-border movement of goods, services, technologies and capital.经济全球化是通过加强货物、 服务、 技术和资本的跨界移动世界各地越来越多的经济一体化和国家、 区域和

7、地方的经济相互依存。 孔子学院PositivePositiveTechnologyOpen MarketsEconomic IntegrationPeaceGlobal FocusNegativeNegative Culture Market Barriers National Barriers WarLocal Focus1-3Globalization - ProsLower prices for goods and services.Lower prices for goods and services.Economic growth stimulation.Economic growt

8、h stimulation.Increase in consumer income.Increase in consumer income.Creates jobs.Creates jobs.Countries specialize in production Countries specialize in production of goods and services that are of goods and services that are produced most efficiently.produced most efficiently.1-13Globalization -

9、ConsDestroys manufacturing jobs in Destroys manufacturing jobs in wealthy, advanced countries.wealthy, advanced countries.Wage rates of unskilled workers in Wage rates of unskilled workers in advanced countries declines.advanced countries declines.Companies move to countries with Companies move to c

10、ountries with fewer labor and environment fewer labor and environment regulations.regulations.Loss of sovereignty.Loss of sovereignty.1-14OutlinePart 1:(12) The author points out the topic-globalization is a double-edged sword and what it will bring to the one involved.Part 2:(334) The author disscu

11、sses the topic in detial by exemplification and finds it hard to decide. We can only wait and see.Part 2(1831): Benefical and harmful effect on developing countries, erode culture, tradition, threaten economic and political stability.(3234): Ending the article by reminding that Globalization is not

12、inevitable and irreversible.(317): The author introuduces the progress and development of Globalization.Major pointsGlobalization is a double-edged sword.The daunting question of the 21st. century is to see which will prevail.Minor points1.It raises economic growth, spreads new technology and raises

13、 living standards.2.It assaults national sovereignty, erodes local culture and tradition and threatens economic and social instability.Minor point (1)In some respects, globalization is merely a trendy word for an old process.Minor point (2)Globalization is different from traditional market expansion

14、 in that in the condition of globalization, companies and financial markets disregard national borders.Facts supporting itA. Private capital flows increase enormously.B. International acquisitions and mergers increase develops quickly.C. More and more people believe that many markets have become glo

15、bal.D. Companies increasingly organize production globally.E. Governments also seek bigger sales and profits.Minor point (3)Global economy is more prone to instability. Example: Asian financial crisis Minor point (4)Globalization will cause political, cultural and social problems. Example: protester

16、s at the Seattle meeting of WTO in Dec., 1999 short paragraphs, professional analysis The article is illustrated through:contrast examples data (for professional analysis)parallelismdual adj.dual role/purpose/functiondual nationality/citizenshipa dual-purpose (adj.) vehicleduality: the state of havi

17、ng two parts or aspectsdualism: philosophy the theory that there are two opposite principles in everything二元论Compare: pluralism at the edge of=on the edge of, on the verge of close to the point at which something different, especially something bad, will happen on the edge of collapseon the edge of

18、despairon the edge of despairon the edge of the bededge n.=advantageCompanies are employing more research teams to get an edge.to have the edge over sb.The next version of the software will have the edge over its competitors.vehicle n.fml. something you use to express and spread your ideas, opinions

19、 etc =medium His novels are a vehicle for his political views.他的小说是传达他的政治观点的媒介他的小说是传达他的政治观点的媒介alike adv.1. used to emphasize that you mean both the people, groups, or things that you have just mentioned Good health and safety management benefits employers and employees alike.2. in a similar wayThey

20、dress and walk alike.controversy n.a political controversycause/provoke/arouse controversy The controversy surrounding the introduction of the new regulations The judges decision provoked controversy.controversy over/about the use of these drugsControversy arose (=began) over the use of the chemical

21、s on fruit and vegetables.Much controversy surrounds the new examto assault1.to attack someone in a violent way:Two men assaulted him after he left the bar.2.(formal) to affect your senses in a way that is very unpleasant or uncomfortable刺激刺激: Loud rock music assaulted our ears.to erode to gradually

22、 reduce something such as someones power or confidence Our personal freedom is being gradually eroded away. Repeated exam failure had eroded her confidence.daunting adj.frightening in a way that makes you feel less confident;intimidating; disheartening; discouragingThe trip seemed rather daunting fo

23、r a young girl. I was faced with the daunting task of learning the whole script in 24 hours.dauntless adj.confident and not easily frighteneddauntless optimism / courageupheaval n. a sudden，big change that often causes problemsMoving to a different school can be a big upheaval for young children.The

24、 company managed to survive the economic upheavals of the last 20 years.trendy adj. influenced by the most fashionable styles and ideas -trend (n.)a trendy Bay Area restaurant He predicts that purple windbreaker will become trendy this summer.She only talks like that because she wants to sound trend

25、y.to retard fml. to delay the development of something, or to make something happen more slowly than expected =slow downCold weather retards the growth of many plants. Even in small amounts, lead can retard development in children. retarded: less mentally developed than other people of the same age.

26、 ( rude and offensive) =Mentally handicapped To even the most politically retarded this is a nonsense.to champion to publicly fight for and defend an aim or principle;to support (the cause)to champion the cause of gay rightsto champion the cause of religious freedomn. a champion of the poor/of women

27、s rights to combatto fight againstcombat inflation/crime/racism/pollutiona succession ofa number of people or things of the same kind following, coming or happening one after the otherA succession of visitors came to the door. He has been hit by a succession of injuries since he joined the team.in s

28、uccession happening one after the other without anything different happening in betweenShe won the championship four times in succession. in quick/rapid/close succession (=quickly one after the other) He fired two shots in quick succession.antidote n.1.a substance that stops the effects of a poisonT

29、here is no known antidote to a bite from this snake.2. anything that counteracts sth. unpleasant The holiday was a marvelous antidote to the pressures of office work.deadly adj.deadly poison; deadly weapon; deadly disease/virus deadly serious/dull/boring dead adj. complete:in dead silence a dead sto

30、p the dead centre to complementto add to sth. in a way that improves it or makes it more attractiveto make a good combination with someone or something else to departto start to use new ideas or do something in a different way; digressIts revolutionary music; it departs from the old form and structu

31、res. In his speech, the President departed from his text only once.distinct adj.two entirely distinct languages; distinct types/groups/categories clearly different or belonging to a different type The learning needs of the two groups are quite distinct from each other.distinctive adj.having a specia

32、l quality, character, or appearance that is different and easy to recognizea rock band with a distinctive sound The most distinctive feature of the building is its enormous dome-shaped roof.Whatever you think of Larkins poetry, its certainly distinctive.entity n.fml. something that exists as a singl

33、e and complete unitThe mind exists as a separate entity.Good design brings a house and garden together as a single entity.to disregardto ignore something or treat it as unimportantHe ordered the jury to disregard the witnesss last statement. Mark totally disregarded my advice.disregard n.You have sh

34、own a total disregard for (of) the law.to dwarfto cause to appear small by comparisonThe cathedral is dwarfed by the surrounding skyscrapers. The present trouble dwarfed the other matter. n. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.adj. A dwarf plant, animal, etc. binge n.:to do too much of sth. such as eati

35、ng, drinking, shopping to go on a binge infml.a week-end binge, a shopping binge, a buying bingespree n.to go on a spending spree, a shopping spree, a buying spreea drinking spreea short period of time when you do a lot of one activity, especially spending money or drinking alcoholThen, against the

36、background of bitter, violent parental quarrels, Chester began a spree of delinquency.to acquire to obtain by buyingto acquire a taste for sth. She had acquired a taste for European beer.an acquired tastesomething that people only begin to like after they have tried it a few times Curry is an acquir

37、ed taste to mergeThe bank announced that it was to merge with another of the high street banks.the merger of/between, withThey proposed a merger between/of two of the largest software companiesThere has been a lot of talk about a merger with another leading bank.to passto go beyond the limit of; to

38、become more than a particular number or amount to pass belief, to pass ones comprehensioncorporate adj.belonging to or relating to a corporationcorporate headquarters = main officesthe corporate culture From boom to bust and back round again, the new-media industry has turned full circle. 从繁荣到没落，之后又

39、繁荣，新媒体行业经历了完整的生命周期。convict vt.to prove or officially announce that someone is guiltyl of a crime after a tril in a law courtbe convicted ofBuxton was convicted of rape.This is a convicted murderer.acquitto give a decision in a court of law that someone is not guilty of a crimeShe was acquitted of mu

40、rder. to keep/stay abreast of somethingto make sure that you know all the most recent facts or information about a particular subject or situationIts important to keep abreast of the latest developments in computers. to walk/ride abreast: to walk, ride etc. next to each other, all facing the same wa

41、yThe planes were flying four abreast.relentless adj. strict, cruel; or determined, without ever stopping=remorselessrelentless persecutionthe relentless beat of the drumsHer success is due to a relentless pursuit of perfection.indicator n.something that can be regarded as a sign of something elseAll

42、 the main economic indicators suggest that trade is improving.a train indicator to be hard-pressed to be heavily burdened; to have serious difficulties doingYoud be hard pressed to find anyone better for the job. to hamstring to make someone unable to take the action they want or need to take, espec

43、ially by restricting them; to cripple; to destroy or hinder the efficiency ofThe President feels he is hamstrung by Congress. The company is hamstrung by its poor management.sub-1) below or under sub-Sahara; submarine; subway 2) almost or nearly subtropical; subhuman; subconscious 3) less important

44、or lower in rank subordinate; substandard 4) a smaller part of a whole subcontinent; subcommittee; subcultureembrace n.acceptance of new idea, opinion, religion etc.Most people showed ready embrace of the new doctrine.to embrace fml.We hope these regions will embrace democratic reforms. to faresligh

45、tly outdated to get along; to turn outHow did you fare in your exams? to fare badly to be prone to sth. likely to do something or suffer from something, especially something bad or harmfulThe fierce competition makes students more prone to nervous breakdown. She is prone to asking stupid questions o

46、n such occasions. He is accident-prone.lopsided adj.unbalanced, unequal or uneven, especially in an unfair way lopsided economic development a lopsided victory The lopsided final score,8-0, may suggest an easy victory.on both counts: on both points under discussionon all/several/ countsin every way,

47、 in several ways etcHe was convicted by a jury on all counts and sentenced to 62 months in prison.Im afraid I don not agree with you on both counts.ensuing adj.happening after a particular action or event, especially as a result of itthe ensuing battle/conflict/debate the ensuing days/months/years e

48、tcto ensue fml. to happen after or as a result of somethingThese problems ensue from food and medical shortages.crony (n.): one of a group of people who spend a lot of time with each other - used to show disapproval cronyism (n.): the practice of unfairly giving the best jobs to your friends when yo

49、u are in a position of power inept adj.not good at doing something; not effective; inappropriate; clumsy inept leadershipHe was criticized for his inept handling of the problem.excess adj.more than necessary or reasonableExcess enthusiasm can impede our calm reasoning.Excess luggage/baggageexcess n.

50、a larger amount of something than is allowed or needed Little boys seem to have an excess of energy. downturn n.a reduction in the amount or success of sth, such as a countrys economic activityThere is evidence of a downturn in the building trade.Business termscurrent-account: a account of credits,

51、debits, receipts, and expenditures between two countries 经常项目帐目;往来账目deficit: The value of a nations imports exceed the value of its exports.balance of payment: the difference between a countrys imports and export 国际收支；收支平衡balance of payments deficit : 国际收支逆差/亏损balance of payments surplus: 国际收支顺差/赢余

52、to snowball into to grow into; to escalate into; to develop into with escalating Soon, the project snowballed into a nationwide campaign. This project will have a snowball effect in creating a lot of new possibilities for the company. Roughly in the order of seriousness, poor economic performance is

53、 usually described as economic stagnation, a slowdown, a slackening, a downturn, a decline, a setback, a recession, a depression, a slump, or a crisis.projection n.a statement or calculation about what something will be in the future or was in the past, based on information available now projections

54、 of declining natural gas production.population projections for the next 25 years.He declined to make projections about fourth quarter earnings. to materializeto happen or appear in the way that you expected; to come trueProblems were expected, but they never materialized.The money we had been promi

55、sed failed to materialize. surge n.1.a sudden increase in amount or number Her books enjoyed a huge surge in popularity in the mid-1980s. Last year there was a surge in the companys profits to $122m. 2.a sudden, large increase in a feelinga surge of excitement / anger / interestalien adj.1.very diff

56、erent from what you are used to, esp. in a way that is difficult to understand or accept =strangethe alien environment of the city The way of life in the tribe is totally alien to us.2.belonging to another country or race = foreignalien culturesan alien multiracial societybe foreign to fml. to seem

57、strange to someone as the result of not being known or understood= be alien to somebodyThe language of finance and economics is quite foreign to me.agenda n. a list of problems or subjects that a government, organization etc is planning to deal withbe high on agenda/be top of agenda Measures to comb

58、at terrorism will be high on agenda. to set agenda for sth.spontaneous adj.not plannedspontaneityto propel 1.to move, drive, or push something forwardThe boat is propelled by a small motor2 to cause someone to do an activity or be in a situation:The film propelled him to international stardom.backla

59、sh n.a strong negative reaction by a number of people against recent events, especially against political or social developmentsThe 1970s saw the first backlash against the emerging womens movement.The management feared a backlash from angry fans over the teams recent poor performances. plausible adj.reasonable and likely to be true or successful I need to think of a plausible excuse